the use of a penis or vaginal condom or dental dam
the use of lubricants
consider non-penetrative sexuality and avoid contact between mucous membranes (e.g. kisses, hugs, caresses, etc.) if it is not possible to protect oneself
conduct periodic screening for STIs and communicate any positive results to partners
carry out the recommended vaccinations (e.g. HPV, HAV, MPOX, etc.)
consider HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PREP, see dedicated page)
take antiretroviral therapy correctly if you are HIV positive
Respect in relationships
Safer sex practices don't just involve medical checkups and/or medication, but also, and above all, a respectful attitude toward the people we have sexual relations with. The cornerstones of a satisfying and safe sexual relationship are:
Communication - Sharing information about your sexual health (e.g., I have sexual encounters with other people, I don't always use barrier protection, I recently got tested for STIs, I take contraceptives, etc.) is essential to empowering the other person to choose how and how much to protect themselves.
Consent - Consent is fundamental and essential to any relationship and sexual encounter. Practicing listening to our own and others' needs/desires/wishes is a responsibility, just like regular testing and taking any necessary medications. Remember that consent, to be considered valid, must be: freely given, reversible, informed, enthusiastic, and specific!
PrEP
Daily protection against HIV
PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) is a medication taken before potential contact with the HIV virus. It is designed for HIV-negative people who frequently find themselves in high-risk situations and, if taken correctly, reduces the risk of infection by up to 95%. PrEP does not protect against other STIs, but it is a valuable tool when combined with regular testing and condom use.
PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis) is an antiretroviral treatment that should be started within 72 hours of a potentially risky HIV infection, such as unprotected sex. It lasts 28 days and must be prescribed by an infectious disease specialist. It is an emergency measure and does not replace routine prevention, but it can significantly reduce the risk of infection if taken promptly.
